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J.M. TUASON & CO., INC. VS. JAVIER

J.M. TUASON & CO., INC. VS. JAVIER
G.R. NO. L-28569 February 27, 1970

FACTS: On September 7, 1954, petitioner J.M. Tuason & Co., Inc. entered a contract to sell with respondent Ligaya Javier a parcel of land known as Lot No. 28, Block No. 356, PSD 30328, of the Sta. Mesa Heights Subdivision for the sum of Php3,691.20 with 10% interest per annum; Php396.12 will be payable upon execution of the contract, and an installment of Php43.92 monthly for a period of ten (10) years. It was further stipulated in the contract, particularly the sixth paragraph, that upon failure of respondent to pay the monthly installment, she is given a one month grace period to pay such installment together with the monthly installment falling on the said grace period. Furthermore, failure to pay both monthly installments, respondent will pay an additional 10% interest. And after 90 days from the end of the grace period, petitioner can rescind the contract, the payments made by respondent will be considered as rentals. Upon the execution of the contract, respondent religiously paid the monthly installment until January 5, 1962. Respondent, however, was unable to the pay the monthly installments within the grace period which petitioner, subsequently, sent a letter to respondent on May 22, 1964 that the contract has been rescinded and asked the respondent to vacate the said land. So, upon failure of respondent to vacate the said land, petitioner filed an action to the Court of First Instance of Rizal for the rescission of the contract. The CFI rendered a decision in favor of respondent in applying Article 1592 of the New Civil Code. Hence, petitioner made an appeal to the Supreme Court alleging that since Article 1592 of the New
Civil applies only to contracts of sale and not in contracts to sell.

ISSUE:
Did the CFI erroneously apply Article 1592 of the New Civil Code?

RULING: Yes. Regardless, however, of the propriety of applying Article 1592, petitioner has not been denied substantial justice under Article 1234 of the New Civil Code. In this connection, respondent religiously satisfied the monthly installments for almost eight (8) years or up to January 5, 1962. It has been shown that respondent had already paid Php4,134.08 as of January 5, 1962 which is beyond the stipulated amount of Php3,691.20. Also, respondent has offered to pay all installments overdue including the stipulated interest, attorney’s fees and the costs which the CFI accordingly sentenced respondent to pay such installment, interest, fees and costs. Thus, petitioner will be able recover everything that was due
thereto. Under these circumstances, the SC feel that, in the interest of justice and equity, the decision appealed from may be upheld upon the authority of Article 1234 of the New Civil Code.

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